See astringere on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:astringō<alt:astringere>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ad-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*strinégti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*streyg-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-né-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*stringō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*stréngʰeti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*strengʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*strengō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"stringō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"astringō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"astringere\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }\" data-lang=\"it\" data-title=\"astringere\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "astringō",
"4": "astringere"
},
"expansion": "Latin astringere",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin astringere.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astrìngere",
"links": [
[
"astrìngere",
"astringere"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngo",
"links": [
[
"astrìngo",
"astringo"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnsi",
"links": [
[
"astrìnsi",
"astrinsi"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrétto",
"links": [
[
"astrétto",
"astretto"
]
],
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"links": [
[
"avére",
"avere"
]
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "it-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngere",
"links": [
[
"astrìngere",
"astringere#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"links": [
[
"avére",
"avere#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "astringèndo",
"links": [
[
"astringèndo",
"astringendo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "astringènte",
"links": [
[
"astringènte",
"astringente#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astrétto",
"links": [
[
"astrétto",
"astretto#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngo",
"links": [
[
"astrìngo",
"astringo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngi",
"links": [
[
"astrìngi",
"astringi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnge",
"links": [
[
"astrìnge",
"astringe#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringiàmo",
"links": [
[
"astringiàmo",
"astringiamo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéte",
"links": [
[
"astringéte",
"astringete#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngono",
"links": [
[
"astrìngono",
"astringono#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringévo",
"links": [
[
"astringévo",
"astringevo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringévi",
"links": [
[
"astringévi",
"astringevi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéva",
"links": [
[
"astringéva",
"astringeva#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringevàmo",
"links": [
[
"astringevàmo",
"astringevamo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringevàte",
"links": [
[
"astringevàte",
"astringevate#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringévano",
"links": [
[
"astringévano",
"astringevano#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnsi",
"links": [
[
"astrìnsi",
"astrinsi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringésti",
"links": [
[
"astringésti",
"astringesti#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnse",
"links": [
[
"astrìnse",
"astrinse#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringémmo",
"links": [
[
"astringémmo",
"astringemmo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéste",
"links": [
[
"astringéste",
"astringeste#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnsero",
"links": [
[
"astrìnsero",
"astrinsero#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerài",
"links": [
[
"astringerài",
"astringerai#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerémo",
"links": [
[
"astringerémo",
"astringeremo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringeréte",
"links": [
[
"astringeréte",
"astringerete#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerànno",
"links": [
[
"astringerànno",
"astringeranno#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerèi",
"links": [
[
"astringerèi",
"astringerei#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerésti",
"links": [
[
"astringerésti",
"astringeresti#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerèbbe",
"links": [
[
"astringerèbbe",
"astringerebbe#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerébbe",
"links": [
[
"astringerébbe",
"astringerebbe#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerémmo",
"links": [
[
"astringerémmo",
"astringeremmo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringeréste",
"links": [
[
"astringeréste",
"astringereste#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerèbbero",
"links": [
[
"astringerèbbero",
"astringerebbero#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerébbero",
"links": [
[
"astringerébbero",
"astringerebbero#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnga",
"links": [
[
"astrìnga",
"astringa#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnga",
"links": [
[
"astrìnga",
"astringa#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnga",
"links": [
[
"astrìnga",
"astringa#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringiàmo",
"links": [
[
"astringiàmo",
"astringiamo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astringiàte",
"links": [
[
"astringiàte",
"astringiate#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngano",
"links": [
[
"astrìngano",
"astringano#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéssi",
"links": [
[
"astringéssi",
"astringessi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéssi",
"links": [
[
"astringéssi",
"astringessi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astringésse",
"links": [
[
"astringésse",
"astringesse#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéssimo",
"links": [
[
"astringéssimo",
"astringessimo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéste",
"links": [
[
"astringéste",
"astringeste#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéssero",
"links": [
[
"astringéssero",
"astringessero#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngi",
"links": [
[
"astrìngi",
"astringi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnga",
"links": [
[
"astrìnga",
"astringa#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringiàmo",
"links": [
[
"astringiàmo",
"astringiamo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéte",
"links": [
[
"astringéte",
"astringete#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngano",
"links": [
[
"astrìngano",
"astringano#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngere",
"links": [
[
"astrìngere",
"astringere#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnga",
"links": [
[
"astrìnga",
"astringa#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringiàmo",
"links": [
[
"astringiàmo",
"astringiamo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéte",
"links": [
[
"astringéte",
"astringete#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngano",
"links": [
[
"astrìngano",
"astringano#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrignere",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a\\@"
},
"expansion": "astrìngere (first-person singular present astrìngo, first-person singular past historic astrìnsi, past participle astrétto, auxiliary avére)",
"name": "it-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧strìn‧ge‧re"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧strìn‧ge‧re"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a\\@"
},
"name": "it-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "astringente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stringere"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 18 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 31 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs ending in -ere",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 29 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 31 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with irregular past historic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with irregular past participle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with root-stressed infinitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 26 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 22 30 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to compel, to oblige"
],
"id": "en-astringere-it-verb-ewIu8UpN",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": ":a(inf)<to>"
},
"expansion": "[with a (+ infinitive) ‘to’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"a",
"(+",
"infinitive)",
"‘to’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"oblige",
"oblige"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) to compel, to oblige [with a (+ infinitive) ‘to’]"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 28 40 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 31 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs ending in -ere",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 29 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 31 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with irregular past historic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with irregular past participle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with root-stressed infinitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 26 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 22 30 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grasp tightly; to squeeze"
],
"id": "en-astringere-it-verb-JxNXzsqf",
"links": [
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
],
[
"tightly",
"tightly"
],
[
"squeeze",
"squeeze"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) to grasp tightly; to squeeze"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stringere"
}
],
"tags": [
"poetic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "it:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 28 40 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 31 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs ending in -ere",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 29 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 31 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with irregular past historic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with irregular past participle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with root-stressed infinitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 26 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 22 30 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to tighten, to cause an astringent effect to (tissues, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-astringere-it-verb-Sp6xtyob",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"tighten",
"tighten"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"astringent",
"astringent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) to tighten, to cause an astringent effect to (tissues, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "it:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 28 40 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 31 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 27 27 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs ending in -ere",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 29 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 31 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with irregular past historic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 31 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with irregular past participle",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian verbs with root-stressed infinitive",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 26 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 22 30 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to constipate"
],
"id": "en-astringere-it-verb-v3-KFZZU",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"constipate",
"constipate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) to constipate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/asˈtrin.d͡ʒe.re/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-indʒere"
}
],
"word": "astringere"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "astringēre",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "astringēre"
},
"expansion": "astringēre",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 32 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astringō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular future passive indicative of astringō"
],
"id": "en-astringere-la-verb-j3NDjEKg",
"links": [
[
"astringō",
"astringo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "astringere"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "astringere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 32 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astringō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of astringō:",
"present active infinitive"
],
"id": "en-astringere-la-verb-yblPVtAI",
"links": [
[
"astringō",
"astringo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 14 13 16 15 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 32 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astringō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of astringō:",
"second-person singular present passive imperative/indicative"
],
"id": "en-astringere-la-verb-b5h1MjQT",
"links": [
[
"astringō",
"astringo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "astringere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 4-syllable words",
"Italian entries with etymon",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian irregular verbs",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Italian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *strengʰ-",
"Italian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *streyg-",
"Italian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂éd",
"Italian terms inherited from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian transitive verbs",
"Italian verbs",
"Italian verbs ending in -ere",
"Italian verbs taking avere as auxiliary",
"Italian verbs with irregular past historic",
"Italian verbs with irregular past participle",
"Italian verbs with root-stressed infinitive",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Italian/indʒere",
"Rhymes:Italian/indʒere/4 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:astringō<alt:astringere>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*ad-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ad-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*strinégti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*streyg-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-né-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*stringō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*stréngʰeti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*strengʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*strengō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"stringō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"astringō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"astringere\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"it\" }\" data-lang=\"it\" data-title=\"astringere\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "astringō",
"4": "astringere"
},
"expansion": "Latin astringere",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin astringere.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astrìngere",
"links": [
[
"astrìngere",
"astringere"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngo",
"links": [
[
"astrìngo",
"astringo"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnsi",
"links": [
[
"astrìnsi",
"astrinsi"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrétto",
"links": [
[
"astrétto",
"astretto"
]
],
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"links": [
[
"avére",
"avere"
]
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "it-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngere",
"links": [
[
"astrìngere",
"astringere#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avére",
"links": [
[
"avére",
"avere#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "astringèndo",
"links": [
[
"astringèndo",
"astringendo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "astringènte",
"links": [
[
"astringènte",
"astringente#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astrétto",
"links": [
[
"astrétto",
"astretto#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngo",
"links": [
[
"astrìngo",
"astringo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngi",
"links": [
[
"astrìngi",
"astringi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnge",
"links": [
[
"astrìnge",
"astringe#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringiàmo",
"links": [
[
"astringiàmo",
"astringiamo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéte",
"links": [
[
"astringéte",
"astringete#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngono",
"links": [
[
"astrìngono",
"astringono#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringévo",
"links": [
[
"astringévo",
"astringevo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringévi",
"links": [
[
"astringévi",
"astringevi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéva",
"links": [
[
"astringéva",
"astringeva#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringevàmo",
"links": [
[
"astringevàmo",
"astringevamo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringevàte",
"links": [
[
"astringevàte",
"astringevate#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringévano",
"links": [
[
"astringévano",
"astringevano#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnsi",
"links": [
[
"astrìnsi",
"astrinsi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringésti",
"links": [
[
"astringésti",
"astringesti#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnse",
"links": [
[
"astrìnse",
"astrinse#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringémmo",
"links": [
[
"astringémmo",
"astringemmo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéste",
"links": [
[
"astringéste",
"astringeste#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnsero",
"links": [
[
"astrìnsero",
"astrinsero#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerò",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerài",
"links": [
[
"astringerài",
"astringerai#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerà",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerémo",
"links": [
[
"astringerémo",
"astringeremo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringeréte",
"links": [
[
"astringeréte",
"astringerete#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerànno",
"links": [
[
"astringerànno",
"astringeranno#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerèi",
"links": [
[
"astringerèi",
"astringerei#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerésti",
"links": [
[
"astringerésti",
"astringeresti#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerèbbe",
"links": [
[
"astringerèbbe",
"astringerebbe#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerébbe",
"links": [
[
"astringerébbe",
"astringerebbe#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerémmo",
"links": [
[
"astringerémmo",
"astringeremmo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringeréste",
"links": [
[
"astringeréste",
"astringereste#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerèbbero",
"links": [
[
"astringerèbbero",
"astringerebbero#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringerébbero",
"links": [
[
"astringerébbero",
"astringerebbero#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnga",
"links": [
[
"astrìnga",
"astringa#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnga",
"links": [
[
"astrìnga",
"astringa#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnga",
"links": [
[
"astrìnga",
"astringa#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringiàmo",
"links": [
[
"astringiàmo",
"astringiamo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astringiàte",
"links": [
[
"astringiàte",
"astringiate#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngano",
"links": [
[
"astrìngano",
"astringano#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéssi",
"links": [
[
"astringéssi",
"astringessi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéssi",
"links": [
[
"astringéssi",
"astringessi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astringésse",
"links": [
[
"astringésse",
"astringesse#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéssimo",
"links": [
[
"astringéssimo",
"astringessimo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéste",
"links": [
[
"astringéste",
"astringeste#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéssero",
"links": [
[
"astringéssero",
"astringessero#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngi",
"links": [
[
"astrìngi",
"astringi#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnga",
"links": [
[
"astrìnga",
"astringa#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringiàmo",
"links": [
[
"astringiàmo",
"astringiamo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéte",
"links": [
[
"astringéte",
"astringete#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngano",
"links": [
[
"astrìngano",
"astringano#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngere",
"links": [
[
"astrìngere",
"astringere#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìnga",
"links": [
[
"astrìnga",
"astringa#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person-semantically",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astringiàmo",
"links": [
[
"astringiàmo",
"astringiamo#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "astringéte",
"links": [
[
"astringéte",
"astringete#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrìngano",
"links": [
[
"astrìngano",
"astringano#Italian"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person-semantically",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astrignere",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a\\@"
},
"expansion": "astrìngere (first-person singular present astrìngo, first-person singular past historic astrìnsi, past participle astrétto, auxiliary avére)",
"name": "it-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "transitive"
},
"expansion": "(transitive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧strìn‧ge‧re"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧strìn‧ge‧re"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a\\@"
},
"name": "it-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "astringente"
},
{
"word": "stringere"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to compel, to oblige"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": ":a(inf)<to>"
},
"expansion": "[with a (+ infinitive) ‘to’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"a",
"(+",
"infinitive)",
"‘to’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"oblige",
"oblige"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) to compel, to oblige [with a (+ infinitive) ‘to’]"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to grasp tightly; to squeeze"
],
"links": [
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
],
[
"tightly",
"tightly"
],
[
"squeeze",
"squeeze"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic) to grasp tightly; to squeeze"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stringere"
}
],
"tags": [
"poetic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"it:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"to tighten, to cause an astringent effect to (tissues, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"tighten",
"tighten"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"astringent",
"astringent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) to tighten, to cause an astringent effect to (tissues, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"it:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"to constipate"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"constipate",
"constipate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) to constipate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/asˈtrin.d͡ʒe.re/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-indʒere"
}
],
"word": "astringere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "astringēre",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "astringēre"
},
"expansion": "astringēre",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astringō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular future passive indicative of astringō"
],
"links": [
[
"astringō",
"astringo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "astringere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "astringere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astringō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of astringō:",
"present active infinitive"
],
"links": [
[
"astringō",
"astringo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "astringō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of astringō:",
"second-person singular present passive imperative/indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"astringō",
"astringo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "astringere"
}
Download raw JSONL data for astringere meaning in All languages combined (17.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.